Pug
Chinese and imperial long before it was European, and the motto attached to it means a lot in a little. The curled tail is required, and a double curl is prized.
Overview
The Pug is a Chinese breed kept by emperors and later by Dutch and British royalty, and it is one of the oldest companion dogs there is. The wrinkles, the curled tail and the flat face are all ancient rather than modern.
UK data gives it a life expectancy at birth of 7.65 years, against an overall figure for UK dogs of 11.23 years. That gap is the most important fact about this breed and it is a consequence of the head shape.
Temperament
Affectionate, comic and thoroughly people oriented. Pugs are good with children, sociable with strangers and other dogs, and they are excellent company.
They are stubborn and food motivated, and training relies on the second to overcome the first. They are also velcro dogs that struggle when left alone. Nothing about the temperament is the problem with this breed, which is exactly why the health picture needs stating.
Care and grooming
A short coat that sheds a great deal, plus daily cleaning and drying of the facial folds. The double curled tail also has a pocket that needs attention.
Brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome is very common. The prominent eyes are vulnerable to ulceration and to proptosis, where the eye comes out of the socket. Pug dog encephalitis is a fatal inflammatory brain disease specific to the breed. Hemivertebrae, linked to the screw tail, cause spinal problems.
Living and exercise
Twenty minutes a day, split, and only in cool weather. Pugs overheat fast and they cannot swim.
If you want this breed, the buying decision is the whole decision. Look for a visible muzzle, open nostrils, a dog that can walk without noise, and a breeder who will discuss BOAS grading. Those dogs exist and they live meaningfully longer.
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